The documentation you are viewing is for Dapr v1.10 which is an older version of Dapr. For up-to-date documentation, see the latest version.
指南:如何创建一个有状态的服务
在这篇文章中,你将了解到如何使用选入(opt-in) 并发和一致性模型来创建一个可以水平扩展的有状态服务。
这可以把开发人员从困难的状态协调、冲突解决和失败处理中解放出来,允许他们以Dapr的API形式使用这些功能。
设置状态存储
状态存储组件代表Dapr用来与数据库进行通信的资源。 在本指南中,我们将使用Redis作为状态存储引擎。
See a list of supported state stores here
使用 Dapr CLI
当使用dapr run
运行你的应用程序时,Dapr CLI会自动提供一个状态存储(Redis)并创建相关的YAML。 如果需要切换使用的状态存储引擎,用你选择的文件替换/components下的YAML文件``。
Kubernetes
See the instructions here on how to setup different state stores on Kubernetes.
强一致性和最终一致性
使用强一致性时,Dapr将确保底层状态存储在写入或删除状态之前,一旦数据被写入到所有副本或收到来自quorum的ack,就会返回响应。
对于GET类型的请求,Dapr将确保存储引擎在副本间一致地返回最新的数据。 除非在对状态API的请求中另有指定,否则默认为最终一致性。
下面的例子使用了强一致性:
保存状态
下面的例子是用Python编写的,但适用于任何编程语言。
import requests
import json
store_name = "redis-store" # name of the state store as specified in state store component yaml file
dapr_state_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/{}".format(store_name)
stateReq = '[{ "key": "k1", "value": "Some Data", "options": { "consistency": "strong" }}]'
response = requests.post(dapr_state_url, json=stateReq)
获取状态
下面的例子是用Python编写的,但适用于任何编程语言。
import requests
import json
store_name = "redis-store" # name of the state store as specified in state store component yaml file
dapr_state_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/{}".format(store_name)
response = requests.get(dapr_state_url + "/key1", headers={"consistency":"strong"})
print(response.headers['ETag'])
删除状态
下面的例子是用Python编写的,但适用于任何编程语言。
import requests
import json
store_name = "redis-store" # name of the state store as specified in state store component yaml file
dapr_state_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/{}".format(store_name)
response = requests.delete(dapr_state_url + "/key1", headers={"consistency":"strong"})
如果没有指定concurrency
选项,last-write 是默认的并发模式。
First-write-wins 和 Last-write-wins
Dapr允许开发人员在处理数据存储时选择两种常见的并发模式:First-write-wins 和 Last-write-wins。 在有多个应用程序实例,同时向同一个键进行写入的情况下,First-Write-Wins策略非常有用。
Dapr的默认模式是Last-write-wins。
Dapr使用版本号来确定一个特定的键是否已经更新。 客户端在读取键对应的值时保留版本号,然后在写入和删除等更新过程中使用版本号。 如果版本信息在客户端检索后发生了变化,就会抛出一个错误,这时就需要客户端再次执行读取,以获取最新的版本信息和状态。
Dapr利用ETags来确定状态的版本号。 ETags标签从状态相关请求中以ETag
头返回。
使用ETags,当出现ETag不匹配时,客户可以通过异常知道资源在上次检查后已经被更新。
下面的例子展示了如何获得一个ETag,然后使用它来保存状态,然后删除状态:
下面的例子是用Python编写的,但适用于任何编程语言。
import requests
import json
store_name = "redis-store" # name of the state store as specified in state store component yaml file
dapr_state_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/{}".format(store_name)
response = requests.get(dapr_state_url + "/key1", headers={"concurrency":"first-write"})
etag = response.headers['ETag']
newState = '[{ "key": "k1", "value": "New Data", "etag": {}, "options": { "concurrency": "first-write" }}]'.format(etag)
requests.post(dapr_state_url, json=newState)
response = requests.delete(dapr_state_url + "/key1", headers={"If-Match": "{}".format(etag)})
处理版本不匹配引起的失败
在这个例子中,我们将看到如何在版本发生变化时重试保存状态操作:
import requests
import json
# This method saves the state and returns false if failed to save state
def save_state(data):
try:
store_name = "redis-store" # name of the state store as specified in state store component yaml file
dapr_state_url = "http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/{}".format(store_name)
response = requests.post(dapr_state_url, json=data)
if response.status_code == 200:
return True
except:
return False
return False
# This method gets the state and returns the response, with the ETag in the header -->
def get_state(key):
response = requests.get("http://localhost:3500/v1.0/state/<state_store_name>/{}".format(key), headers={"concurrency":"first-write"})
return response
# Exit when save state is successful. success will be False if there's an ETag mismatch -->
success = False
while success != True:
response = get_state("key1")
etag = response.headers['ETag']
newState = '[{ "key": "key1", "value": "New Data", "etag": {}, "options": { "concurrency": "first-write" }}]'.format(etag)
success = save_state(newState)
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