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Quickstart: Service-to-service resiliency

Get started with Dapr’s resiliency capabilities via the service invocation API

Observe Dapr resiliency capabilities by simulating a system failure. In this Quickstart, you will:

  • Run two microservice applications: checkout and order-processor. checkout will continuously make Dapr service invocation requests to order-processor.
  • Trigger the resiliency spec by simulating a system failure.
  • Remove the failure to allow the microservice application to recover.
Diagram showing the resiliency applied to Dapr APIs

Select your preferred language-specific Dapr SDK before proceeding with the Quickstart.


Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Step 1: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

Step 2: Run order-processor service

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to order-processor directory.

cd service_invocation/python/http/order-processor

Install dependencies:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Run the order-processor service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 8001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- python3 app.py

Step 3: Run the checkout service application

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd service_invocation/python/http/checkout

Install dependencies:

pip3 install -r requirements.txt

Run the checkout service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run  --app-id checkout --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 -- python3 app.py

The Dapr sidecar then loads the resiliency spec located in the resources directory:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Resiliency
metadata:
  name: myresiliency
scopes:
  - checkout

spec:
  policies:
    retries:
      retryForever:
        policy: constant
        maxInterval: 5s
        maxRetries: -1 

    circuitBreakers:
      simpleCB:
        maxRequests: 1
        timeout: 5s 
        trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

Step 4: View the Service Invocation outputs

When both services and sidecars are running, notice how orders are passed from the checkout service to the order-processor service using Dapr service invoke.

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 4}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 4}

Step 5: Introduce a fault

Simulate a fault by stopping the order-processor service. Once the instance is stopped, service invoke operations from the checkout service begin to fail.

Since the resiliency.yaml spec defines the order-processor service as a resiliency target, all failed requests will apply retry and circuit breaker policies:

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

In the order-processor window, stop the service:

CTRL + C

Once the first request fails, the retry policy titled retryForever is applied:

INFO[0005] Error processing operation endpoint[order-processor, order-processor:orders]. Retrying...  

Retries will continue for each failed request indefinitely, in 5 second intervals.

retryForever:
  policy: constant
  maxInterval: 5s
  maxRetries: -1 

Once 5 consecutive retries have failed, the circuit breaker policy, simpleCB, is tripped and the breaker opens, halting all requests:

INFO[0025] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from closed to open  
circuitBreakers:
  simpleCB:
  maxRequests: 1
  timeout: 5s 
  trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

After 5 seconds has surpassed, the circuit breaker will switch to a half-open state, allowing one request through to verify if the fault has been resolved. If the request continues to fail, the circuit will trip back to the open state.

INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open   
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open     

This half-open/open behavior will continue for as long as the order-processor service is stopped.

Step 6: Remove the fault

Once you restart the order-processor service, the application will recover seamlessly, picking up where it left off with accepting order requests.

In the order-processor service terminal, restart the application:

dapr run --app-port 8001 --app-id order-processor --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- python3 app.py

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 10}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 10}

Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Step 1: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

Step 2: Run the order-processor service

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to order-processor directory.

cd service_invocation/javascript/http/order-processor

Install dependencies:

npm install

Run the order-processor service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 5001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- npm start

Step 3: Run the checkout service application

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd service_invocation/javascript/http/checkout

Install dependencies:

npm install

Run the checkout service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 -- npm start

The Dapr sidecar then loads the resiliency spec located in the resources directory:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Resiliency
metadata:
  name: myresiliency
scopes:
  - checkout

spec:
  policies:
    retries:
      retryForever:
        policy: constant
        maxInterval: 5s
        maxRetries: -1 

    circuitBreakers:
      simpleCB:
        maxRequests: 1
        timeout: 5s 
        trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

Step 4: View the Service Invocation outputs

When both services and sidecars are running, notice how orders are passed from the checkout service to the order-processor service using Dapr service invoke.

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 4}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 4}

Step 5: Introduce a fault

Simulate a fault by stopping the order-processor service. Once the instance is stopped, service invoke operations from the checkout service begin to fail.

Since the resiliency.yaml spec defines the order-processor service as a resiliency target, all failed requests will apply retry and circuit breaker policies:

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

In the order-processor window, stop the service:


CMD + C

CTRL + C

Once the first request fails, the retry policy titled retryForever is applied:

INFO[0005] Error processing operation endpoint[order-processor, order-processor:orders]. Retrying...  

Retries will continue for each failed request indefinitely, in 5 second intervals.

retryForever:
  policy: constant
  maxInterval: 5s
  maxRetries: -1 

Once 5 consecutive retries have failed, the circuit breaker policy, simpleCB, is tripped and the breaker opens, halting all requests:

INFO[0025] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from closed to open  
circuitBreakers:
  simpleCB:
  maxRequests: 1
  timeout: 5s 
  trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

After 5 seconds has surpassed, the circuit breaker will switch to a half-open state, allowing one request through to verify if the fault has been resolved. If the request continues to fail, the circuit will trip back to the open state.

INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open   
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open     

This half-open/open behavior will continue for as long as the Redis container is stopped.

Step 6: Remove the fault

Once you restart the order-processor service, the application will recover seamlessly, picking up where it left off.

In the order-processor service terminal, restart the application:

dapr run --app-port 5001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- npm start

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 10}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 10}

Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Step 1: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

Step 2: Run the order-processor service

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to order-processor directory.

cd service_invocation/csharp/http/order-processor

Install dependencies:

dotnet restore
dotnet build

Run the order-processor service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 7001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- dotnet run

Step 3: Run the checkout service application

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd service_invocation/csharp/http/checkout

Install dependencies:

dotnet restore
dotnet build

Run the checkout service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run  --app-id checkout  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 -- dotnet run

The Dapr sidecar then loads the resiliency spec located in the resources directory:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Resiliency
metadata:
  name: myresiliency
scopes:
  - checkout

spec:
  policies:
    retries:
      retryForever:
        policy: constant
        maxInterval: 5s
        maxRetries: -1 

    circuitBreakers:
      simpleCB:
        maxRequests: 1
        timeout: 5s 
        trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

Step 4: View the Service Invocation outputs

When both services and sidecars are running, notice how orders are passed from the checkout service to the order-processor service using Dapr service invoke.

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 4}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 4}

Step 5: Introduce a fault

Simulate a fault by stopping the order-processor service. Once the instance is stopped, service invoke operations from the checkout service begin to fail.

Since the resiliency.yaml spec defines the order-processor service as a resiliency target, all failed requests will apply retry and circuit breaker policies:

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

In the order-processor window, stop the service:


CMD + C

CTRL + C

Once the first request fails, the retry policy titled retryForever is applied:

INFO[0005] Error processing operation endpoint[order-processor, order-processor:orders]. Retrying...  

Retries will continue for each failed request indefinitely, in 5 second intervals.

retryForever:
  policy: constant
  maxInterval: 5s
  maxRetries: -1 

Once 5 consecutive retries have failed, the circuit breaker policy, simpleCB, is tripped and the breaker opens, halting all requests:

INFO[0025] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from closed to open  
circuitBreakers:
  simpleCB:
  maxRequests: 1
  timeout: 5s 
  trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

After 5 seconds has surpassed, the circuit breaker will switch to a half-open state, allowing one request through to verify if the fault has been resolved. If the request continues to fail, the circuit will trip back to the open state.

INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open   
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open     

This half-open/open behavior will continue for as long as the Redis container is stopped.

Step 6: Remove the fault

Once you restart the order-processor service, the application will recover seamlessly, picking up where it left off.

In the order-processor service terminal, restart the application:

dapr run --app-port 7001 --app-id order-processor --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- dotnet run

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 10}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 10}

Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Step 1: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

Step 2: Run the order-processor service

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to order-processor directory.

cd service_invocation/java/http/order-processor

Install dependencies:

mvn clean install

Run the order-processor service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-port 9001 --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- java -jar target/OrderProcessingService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

Step 3: Run the checkout service application

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd service_invocation/java/http/checkout

Install dependencies:

mvn clean install

Run the checkout service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-id checkout  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 -- java -jar target/CheckoutService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

The Dapr sidecar then loads the resiliency spec located in the resources directory:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Resiliency
metadata:
  name: myresiliency
scopes:
  - checkout

spec:
  policies:
    retries:
      retryForever:
        policy: constant
        maxInterval: 5s
        maxRetries: -1 

    circuitBreakers:
      simpleCB:
        maxRequests: 1
        timeout: 5s 
        trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

Step 4: View the Service Invocation outputs

When both services and sidecars are running, notice how orders are passed from the checkout service to the order-processor service using Dapr service invoke.

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 4}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 4}

Step 5: Introduce a fault

Simulate a fault by stopping the order-processor service. Once the instance is stopped, service invoke operations from the checkout service begin to fail.

Since the resiliency.yaml spec defines the order-processor service as a resiliency target, all failed requests will apply retry and circuit breaker policies:

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

In the order-processor window, stop the service:


CMD + C

CTRL + C

Once the first request fails, the retry policy titled retryForever is applied:

INFO[0005] Error processing operation endpoint[order-processor, order-processor:orders]. Retrying...  

Retries will continue for each failed request indefinitely, in 5 second intervals.

retryForever:
  policy: constant
  maxInterval: 5s
  maxRetries: -1 

Once 5 consecutive retries have failed, the circuit breaker policy, simpleCB, is tripped and the breaker opens, halting all requests:

INFO[0025] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from closed to open  
circuitBreakers:
  simpleCB:
  maxRequests: 1
  timeout: 5s 
  trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

After 5 seconds has surpassed, the circuit breaker will switch to a half-open state, allowing one request through to verify if the fault has been resolved. If the request continues to fail, the circuit will trip back to the open state.

INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open   
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open     

This half-open/open behavior will continue for as long as the Redis container is stopped.

Step 6: Remove the fault

Once you restart the order-processor service, the application will recover seamlessly, picking up where it left off.

In the order-processor service terminal, restart the application:

dapr run --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-port 9001 --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- java -jar target/OrderProcessingService-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 10}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 10}

Pre-requisites

For this example, you will need:

Step 1: Set up the environment

Clone the sample provided in the Quickstarts repo.

git clone https://github.com/dapr/quickstarts.git

Step 2: Run the order-processor service

In a terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to order-processor directory.

cd service_invocation/go/http/order-processor

Install dependencies:

go build .

Run the order-processor service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run --app-port 6001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- go run .

Step 3: Run the checkout service application

In a new terminal window, from the root of the Quickstart directory, navigate to the checkout directory.

cd service_invocation/go/http/checkout

Install dependencies:

go build .

Run the checkout service alongside a Dapr sidecar.

dapr run  --app-id checkout  --resources-path ../../../resources/  --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3500 -- go run .

The Dapr sidecar then loads the resiliency spec located in the resources directory:

apiVersion: dapr.io/v1alpha1
kind: Resiliency
metadata:
  name: myresiliency
scopes:
  - checkout

spec:
  policies:
    retries:
      retryForever:
        policy: constant
        maxInterval: 5s
        maxRetries: -1 

    circuitBreakers:
      simpleCB:
        maxRequests: 1
        timeout: 5s 
        trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

Step 4: View the Service Invocation outputs

When both services and sidecars are running, notice how orders are passed from the checkout service to the order-processor service using Dapr service invoke.

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 4}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 1}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 2}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 3}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 4}

Step 5: Introduce a fault

Simulate a fault by stopping the order-processor service. Once the instance is stopped, service invoke operations from the checkout service begin to fail.

Since the resiliency.yaml spec defines the order-processor service as a resiliency target, all failed requests will apply retry and circuit breaker policies:

  targets:
    apps:
      order-processor:
        retry: retryForever
        circuitBreaker: simpleCB

In the order-processor window, stop the service:


CMD + C

CTRL + C

Once the first request fails, the retry policy titled retryForever is applied:

INFO[0005] Error processing operation endpoint[order-processor, order-processor:orders]. Retrying...  

Retries will continue for each failed request indefinitely, in 5 second intervals.

retryForever:
  policy: constant
  maxInterval: 5s
  maxRetries: -1 

Once 5 consecutive retries have failed, the circuit breaker policy, simpleCB, is tripped and the breaker opens, halting all requests:

INFO[0025] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from closed to open  
circuitBreakers:
  simpleCB:
  maxRequests: 1
  timeout: 5s 
  trip: consecutiveFailures >= 5

After 5 seconds has surpassed, the circuit breaker will switch to a half-open state, allowing one request through to verify if the fault has been resolved. If the request continues to fail, the circuit will trip back to the open state.

INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open   
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from open to half-open  
INFO[0030] Circuit breaker "order-processor:orders" changed state from half-open to open     

This half-open/open behavior will continue for as long as the Redis container is stopped.

Step 6: Remove the fault

Once you restart the order-processor service, the application will recover seamlessly, picking up where it left off.

In the order-processor service terminal, restart the application:

dapr run --app-port 6001 --app-id order-processor  --resources-path ../../../resources/ --app-protocol http --dapr-http-port 3501 -- go run .

checkout service output:

== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order passed: {"orderId": 10}

order-processor service output:

== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 5}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 6}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 7}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 8}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 9}
== APP == Order received: {"orderId": 10}

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Next steps

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Last modified January 31, 2023: Fix stop signal command (abbadf42)